Sunday, January 24, 2016

The instinct behind PARA. (KNOW YOUR DEATH - 3)

Karma, the instinct behind PARA.

In the last article we saw the stage Para is the starting point of the emerging desire. We defined Para as: “From no desire stage to the generation of some impulse of restlessness”. In order to probe further let us see how one reaches this impulse-stage - ‘pre-Para’?

What is the cause even behind Para? As per the Karma theory it is your past accumulated Karma.
Your Karma is your own Doing. Every person is responsible for his or her acts and thoughts, so each person's karma is entirely his or her own. Western world see the operation of karma as inevitable pre-determined. But that is far from true since it is in the hands of an individual to shape his own future by schooling his present. The law of cause and effect forms an integral part of Hindu philosophy.




The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English defines ‘karma’ as the "sum of person's actions in one of his successive states of existence, viewed as deciding his fate for the next". In Sanskrit karma means "choice based action that is undertaken deliberately or knowingly". This also dovetails self-determination and a strong will power to abstain from inactivity. Karma is the differentia that characterizes human beings and distinguishes him from other creatures of the world.

The above chart illustrates the inherent unseen steps before the expressed action / word. How each action taken or word uttered (even un-uttered) results in the shaping the character and destiny of an individual is illustrated in the chart below




The theory of karma harps on the Newtonian principle that every action produces an equal and opposite reaction. Every time we think or do something, we create a cause, which in time will bear its corresponding effects. It is the personality of a human being with its positive and negative actions - that causes karma. Karma could be both the activities of the body or the mind, irrespective of the consideration whether the performance brings fruition immediately or at a later stage. However, the involuntary or the reflex actions of the body cannot be called karma. So the instinct behind your desire is the past karma.

Once the desire is emerged, a person has option to act. How this choice is made?
Un-conscious Mind and the Karma choice:   (Ref. Spontaneous Evolution Questions & Partial Answers from brucelipton.com)















There are two parts to the mind: the conscious, creative mind connected to Source, and the subconscious which is a record-playback device programmed by developmental experiences. 

While we believe and perceive we are running our lives with our conscious mind, neuroscience now reveals that more than 90% of our behaviors are controlled by our programmed subconscious mind. Most of the thoughts and actions we assume are “our own,” are really the “invisible” and largely unquestioned thoughts and beliefs of others (accepted by us). 

So, constant effort with full awareness is essential to improve the karma. In fact every moment we act in our life, we are giving shape to our destiny. 

We shall see this in details a little later.

We should not do what we like but do what is right. The analysis of desires based karma can broadly be done in two type viz. Sreyas and Preyas. We shall later discuss this in details.


Vijay R Joshi

Saturday, January 16, 2016

DESIRES OF THE MIND . (KNOW YOUR DEATH - 2)

Desires of the MIND.

We concluded the last article with: “After death the Mind has following options to choose.

1.      To give up available energy A and go to zero. This is the concept of Maha-Nirvana.
2.      To earn additional energy from A to 2.5 A, and then opt for rebirth.
3.      To not to opt for birth and go on earning additional energy -endlessly up to infinity. This is the stage of Moksha”.

What must be the plight of the Mind after death before it chooses its options?  It all depends on the cumulative effect of the journey and the desires pursued by the mind throughout the earlier life(s).


Let us go into the details.

Synonym of DESIRE are wish, want, crave, and covet.

Desire is defined as “Conscious impulse toward something that promises enjoyment or satisfaction in its attainment”. Desire is the basis of Karma.

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English defines ‘karma’ as the "sum of person's actions in one of his successive states of existence, viewed as deciding his fate for the next".

Let us see what Indian thinkers say about it.

Bhagwat Gita on Desires. (Chapter 3, verses 39, 40 and 41).

Gita is the gist of Vedas, Upanishads, the precious Indian literature on spirituality, respected world over. On “desire” the comments in Gita are:

“O Son of Kunti (Arjuna)! Constant enemy of wise men is the un-abatable flame of desire, by which wisdom is concealed”.  (Gita  3/39).

“The senses, mind, and intellect are said to be desire's formidable stronghold; through these, desire deludes the embodied soul by eclipsing its wisdom. Therefore, O Best of the Bharata Dynasty (Arjuna), first discipline the senses then destroy desire, the sinful annihilator of wisdom and Self-realization”.  ( Git 3 /40-41).

“Arjuna asks Shrikrishna – How an individual is impelled to do sinful acts, even unwillingly, as if engaged by force”?  (Gita 3.36).

'You are responsible for your actions!’ says Shrikrishna. God (the embodied spirit) does not create actions nor does he induce people to act, nor does he create the fruits of action. All these are enacted by the modes of material nature (your own temperament) i.e. your behaviour is responsible for your sinful acts. (Gita 5/14).

How these actions emanate in life from start to end? This would reveal the outcome of the human desires throughout the life.

The origin of Desire. We are saying here that the birth, life journey, death and re-birth are all based on the mind’s desire. But what is the origin of the desire? Let us see this.

Do you know what your desire is right now? It is for sure that you want something because the mind is continuous stream of desires. You have a desire this moment, you had it in all past moments and you would have it till last moment of the life in one form or the other. If you go deep in to the past, the first moment in the being is the moment of conception. And by the same logic, the last moment will be the moment of death.

Desire has the power to achieve anything, but where from the desire crop up? The moment desire is identified, you can act; but before this moment, where from it emerges? What is the origin?
Vedic Conception of Sound in Four Features - PARA, PASHYANTI, MADHYAMA, VAIKHARI.
(Originally published in "Tattva Prakasha" Volume 1, Issue 7; available online at. www indiadivine.org/)

The origin of sound is described in four stages as below. The origin of the desire can be considered to follow the same path as sound. (Replace the world 'sound' with the word 'desire')

Para. (परा) - Para is the transcendent sound. Para means highest or farthest, and in this connection it indicates that sound (desire) which is beyond the perception of the senses. On the stage of para there is no distinction between the object and the sound (desire). The sound contains within it all the qualities of the object.

Pashyanti. (पश्यन्ती) - Pashyanti is the second level of sound (desire), and is less subtle than para. Pashyanti in Sanskrit means "that which can be seen or visualized". This sound is intuitive and situated beyond rigidly defined concepts. On the stage of pashyanti, speech (desire) is intuitively connected to the object. There is near oneness between the word and the experience described. Pashyanti is the finest impulse of speech. The seat of pashyanti is in the navel or the Manipur Chakra. When sound goes up to the naval with the bodily air in vibratory form without any particular syllable, yet connected with the mind, it is known as pashyanti.

MADHYAMA (मध्यमा) VAIKHARI (वैखरी) - Vaikhari is the grossest level of speech (desire), and it is heard through the external senses. When sound (desire) comes out through the mouth as spoken syllables it is called as vaikhari.

Madhyama is the intermediate unexpressed state of sound (desire), whose seat is in the heart. The word Madhyama means "in between" or "the middle". Madhyama refers to mental speech (desire), as opposed to external audible speech. It is on this level that we normally experience thought.
In the manifestation process, after sound (desire) has attained the form of pashyanti, it goes further up to the heart and becomes coupled with the assertive intelligence. At this point it manifests itself in the form of vibratory mode madhyama. Only those who are endowed with discriminative intelligence can feel this.

Illustration – In case of desire of food the stage wise description could be as follows
.
Para: -       From no desire stage to the generation of some impulse of restlessness.

Pashyanti: - Search for the cause of the impulse, search indicates the feeling of hunger, say breakfast.

Madhyama: – Self talk viz. what type of food is preferable within the available   options? What do I prefer out of 4-5 options?  Shall I go for veg sandwich?

Vaikhari: –    You reach a restaurant and order for the veg sandwich. This is the expression of the desire.

Here we see the stage Para is the starting point of the emerging desire. We defined Para as: “From no desire stage to the generation of some impulse of restlessness”. In order to probe further let us see how one reaches this impulse-stage - ‘pre-Para’?


This will be the subject for next article.



Vijay R. Joshi

Thursday, January 7, 2016

Birth, Death and Life after death (KNOW YOUR DEATH - 1)

Birth, Death and Life after death - All at the desire of Mind.

                                                                                                              
What is life? When does it start? When does it end? What happens after it ends? What is the process of rebirth, Moksha or Maha-Nirvana ?

Some of these questions often arise in our mind. Swami Vijnananand has rationally answered these questions in his book “Know your Death”. Also there is a seminar available at Manashakti main center Lonavala (India) where these concepts are lucidly explained.

Mind (or spirit) is an energy which provides ability of doing activities / motion to the body. As long as the mind is associated with the body the condition of “life” exists.

Birth would be the moment of this association and death the moment of dissociation. How do we ascertain these moments with certainty? What must be happening at these vitally important moments of our life?

Relatively it is easier to decide the moment of death. What happens at the time of death? How do we describe the death of a person?  We say:

He departed from his body.
His spirit left.
He breathed his last.
The flame of life extinguished. Etc. etc.

In short death is separation of body from the mind-energy. Logically then, birth would be the moment of this association. This takes place at the moment of conception, the point from which the life energy gets associated with the conceived cell. This cell then starts collecting new cells and form a body to take birth later at the appropriate time.


Mind Energy (Mind Power)

Mind is an energy in the form of non-matter which “Swami Vijnananand” defines as 'transcending the velocity of light, the highest limiting speed of any matter'.
Do we have some idea about the magnitude of the Mind Power or the energy available in a life? We shall try to find this in terms of life and the energy associated with the life. Life begins at the moment of conception where the matter first time gets associated with the mind energy. Then the journey of life begins.

Life is the journey of motion.


Though generally it is believed that life begins at birth, it actually begins at conception, where it is set in motion. The motion continues till a person breathes last, when the motion in the body stops. In short, life is a journey of motion.
Lot of energy is required and released to perform various physical and mental activities from first to the last breath. Everybody, though varying, has given quantum of energy available for use in the life. Studying human energy management in detail, Swami Vijnananand has given some rational measurement for the life energy in his pioneering research on the human life. We will take a brief look at the measure of the magnitude of energy associated with the life which is Mind Power. But before that we should see the enormous un-measurable potential of the mind-energy.

Child Birth, a super-material effect:


If each intricate cell of an infant is to be fashioned by a skilled worker and if s/he would require a minute to create one cell. This means it will take five hundred thousand years to complete the task. Suppose even every person had to contribute a cell to make an infant, entire world population cannot even complete a tiny foot. However, every mother accomplishes this within her womb in 265 days.  How this is done? Science has only begun to perceive the complexity of the miracle. This is the miracle created by the energy associated with life.
(Ref. ‘Mind Power’, Manashakti publication)

Touch of life creates transformation in matter:   

A touch of life creates wonderful transformation in a tiny piece of matter.
Catalase is an enzyme in living protoplasm which accelerates the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. The reaction can be accelerated by inorganic iron too. But the action of iron is very weak. However, by uniting an iron with special organic substance “pyrrole”, we can make that reaction thousands times more effective. Catalase, a natural enzyme, also contains iron with pyrrole, but its action is about ten millions times stronger because it contains additionally a specific protein.

This specific (protein) difference makes a miracle. Catalyst power of one milligram of iron, contained in the catalase complex (of life full protoplasm), is equal to that of ten tones of inorganic iron. That is the miracle of a touch of life-energy to a matter.
(Ref. ‘Mind Power’, Manashakti publication)

Transcending mind power:


For all our advanced techniques, we have not yet approached the level of rationalism possessed by living nature. Touch of Life gives ten million times more strength to a tiny piece. This is a phenomenon which science has not been able to explain so far. This transcendental power is called mind.

Each mind is unique, so are different its desires, strength and potential, also energy associated with it. Though external energy at physical level could be common to an extent for most human beings, total energy certainly varies from person to person considering the individual mind power.

Example - A billionaire and a middle class person travelling pay the same fare for a plane journey (visible paying capacity for that instance may be the same) while their spare wealth quantum differs, as they deserve.

While absolute total life energy cannot be accurately measured, there are some rational measures for external one. We will take a look at Swamiji’s estimation of external energy.

Life Energy: external measure


We have seen that human body is constantly in motion from birth to death. Thus the motion can be considered as the basis for measure of the life energy. There are a number of motions associated with various body systems. The easiest measurable body motion is pulse rate / heart rate which varies from age to age.
         
Medical text books provide us with the measure of motion, attributable to a living person during the span of life. The medical books say, that three months prior to birth, average normal pulse rate (pulse beats) is at 150 per minutes. At birth, it is 120 and nearing the age of death (advanced old age), it is gradually reduced to 60 per minute, on an average.

Thus, after birth, individual existence can be mathematically defined as capacity to beat the pulse at 120 per minute and proceed to the end when it is reached; reduced to 60 per minute. Thus right from the birth to old age there is reduction in the life energy. The process of aging begins from the first day.

An anticlimax of the pulse rising at a very old age does occur. Yet the same stems from reasons other than usual. Here, it might have occurred but for hardening of arteries or for the phenomenon of lamina shrinking. (Shrinking of cavity from where the blood flows). Other reasons that may account in this out-of-turn rise in pulse may be the loss of control on some organ or the other.
For special reasons pulse is recorded to be far below normal. Napoleon's pulse was said to be somewhere near 40. But the average as given above stands right for our basis.

At death, it is the mind that leaves body.


It is a planned retreat. It is our experience and it can be easily imagined, that the mind leaves body not because it is tired of the worldly desires to be enjoyed through body but because, the mind finds body damaged and so an inconvenient tool to enjoy. (Shall we add the death time declarations?)
In any case, leaving this argument to the exhaustive discussion in New Way Series, at the moment of death, the continuance of the capacity **3153600000 pulse-beats survives without any doubt. (This applies to normal death, the considerations for deaths due to accidents, suicide or voluntary departure by a Yogi from life by ‘Samadhi’ needs separate discussion, which can be provided separately).
We may just mention here that the state of the mind as it departs the body is vitally important to decide the future course of action.

**On an average the pulse-rate is 150/min (say 2.5 A), at prenatal stage, 120/min (2A) at birth, 70 to 80/min. at grown up age and 60/ min (A) at the old age (before death). In short, body motion decreases with increasing age and it is lowest just before death, although not zero.


Let’s consider (assume) average life of 60 years and 100/min. as an average pulse rate for the life span. 

**Based on this, the total energy can be calculated as follows.

 (100* x 60 minutes)       (24 hours)                 (365 days)                       (60* years)
----------------------      X      -----------        X    ----------------       X      --------------
         6,000                       144,000                525, 60 000                           315, 36,000

(* assumption, may vary from person to person).

As estimated above, the total typical average pulse energy during the life of 60 years is about 3.15 billion beats. Before the death moment there is a capacity to beat the pulse at 60/minute.
We have already suggested that these figures are hypothetical and arbitrary. These arithmetical values may better be taken algebraically. Nevertheless, the principle stands vindicated. If we designate algebraically value A to the surviving soul after death (A = 60 beats / min.), i.e. capacity 3153600000 pulse beats, '2A' will be value at birth with capacity 6307200000 pulse beats and '2.5A' (i.e. 7884000000 pulse beats three months prior to birth). Please note that the mind leaves the body at death when it has the capacity A.

Does the mind survive after death? Is it re-born?


The answer to the first part of the question is categorical ‘Yes’. As we have initially defined, Death is dissociation of body and mind. Body (matter) remains as corpse while the mind energy (non-matter) gets released. Now, the question is what happens to the left over capacity A or from where this 2.5 'A' comes from?

By first law of Thermodynamics nothing can come out of nothing. Therefore, the figure 150 (or algebraically figure 2.5 'A') must sometime be 149, 148, 147 and in far end sometime it must be 60 where we again meet the value 'A'.

In each individual case the values of A, 2A, and 2.5A may differ but the principle may stand vindicated.  After death the Mind has following options to choose. (Please see the figure above)

1.      To give up available energy A and go to zero. This is the concept of Maha-Nirvana.
2.      To earn additional energy from A to 2.5 A, and then opt for rebirth.
3.      To not to opt for birth and go on earning additional energy -endlessly up to infinity. This is the stage of Moksha.

As we say “Zero tends to infinity”, both the stages of Maha-Nirvana and Moksha are similar where the mind has given up the right of existence and merged itself in universal cosmic energy.
We have rationally examined the concepts of Birth, Life, Death, Rebirth, Maha-Nirvana, and Moksha. 

What must be the plight of the Mind after death before it chooses its options? We shall see this in the articles to follow.



Vijay R. Joshi.